General Description
Synonyms: Corn sugar gum; E415; Grindsted; Keldent; Keltrol; polysaccharide B-1459; Rhodicare S; Rhodigel; Vanzan NF; xanthani gummi; Xantural.
Description: Xanthan gum occurs as a cream- or white-colored, odorless, freeflowing, fine powder.
Chemical Name: Xanthan gum
Functions
Gelling agent; stabilizing agent; suspending agent; sustained-release agent; viscosity-increasing agent.
Uses
Xanthan gum is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and foods as a suspending and stabilizing agent.
It is also used as a thickening and emulsifying agent.
It is nontoxic, compatible with most other pharmaceutical ingredients, and has good stability and viscosity properties over a wide pH and temperature range.
Xanthan gum gels show pseudoplastic behavior, the shear thinning being directly proportional to the shear rate.
The viscosity returns to normal immediately on release of shear stress. Xanthan gum has been used as a suspending agent for conventional, dry and sustained-release suspensions.
When xanthan gum is mixed with certain inorganic suspending agents, such as magnesium aluminum silicate, or organic gums, synergistic rheological effects occur.
In general, mixtures of xanthan gum and magnesium aluminum silicate in ratios between 1 : 2 and 1 : 9 produce the optimum properties.
Similarly, optimum synergistic effects are obtained with xanthan gum : guar gum ratios between 3 : 7 and 1 : 9.
Incompatibilities
Xanthan gum is an anionic material and is not usually compatible with cationic surfactants, polymers, or preservatives, as precipitation occurs. Anionic and amphoteric surfactants at concentrations above 15% w/v cause precipitation of xanthan gum from a solution
Safety
Xanthan gum is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products, and is generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant at the levels employed as a pharmaceutical excipient.
Handling Precautions
Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Eye protection and gloves are recommended.
Related Substances
Ceratonia; guar gum.