General Description
Synonyms: E1201; Kollidon; Plasdone; poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]; polyvidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone; povidonum; Povipharm; PVP; 1- vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer. Povidone
Description: Povidone occurs as a fine, white to creamy-white colored, odorless or almost odorless, hygroscopic powder. Povidones with K-values equal to or lower than 30 are manufactured by spray-drying and occur as spheres. Povidone K-90 and higher K-value povidones are manufactured by drum drying and occur as plates.
Chemical Name: 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer
Functions
Disintegrant; dissolution enhancer; suspending agent; tablet binder.
Uses
Although povidone is used in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations, it is primarily used in solid-dosage forms.
In tableting, povidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes.
Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydroalcoholic solutions.
Povidone is used as a solubilizer in oral and parenteral formulations, and has been shown to enhance dissolution of poorly soluble drugs from solid-dosage forms.
Povidone solutions may also be used as coating agents or as binders when coating active pharmaceutical ingredients on a support such as sugar beads.
Povidone is additionally used as a suspending, stabilizing, or viscosity-increasing agent in a number of topical and oral suspensions and solutions.
The solubility of a number of poorly soluble active drugs may be increased by mixing with povidone.
Special grades of pyrogen-free povidone are available and have been used in parenteral formulations
Incompatibilities
Povidone is compatible in solution with a wide range of inorganic salts, natural and synthetic resins, and other chemicals. It forms molecular adducts in solution with sulfathiazole, sodium salicylate, salicylic acid, phenobarbital, tannin, and other compounds The efficacy of some preservatives, e.g. thimerosal, may be adversely affected by the formation of complexes with povidone.
Safety
Povidone has been used in pharmaceutical formulations for many years, being first used in the 1940s as a plasma expander, although it has now been superseded for this purpose by dextran.
Handling Precautions
Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Eye protection, gloves, and a dust mask are recommended.
Related Substances
Crospovidone.