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Atropine

    DEA Class;  Rx

    Common Brand Names; Atreza, Atropine PO, SalTropine, IsoptoAtropine

    •  Anticholinergic, Antispasmodic Agents
    • Ophthalmic

    Natural tertiary amine extracted from belladonna alkaloid
    Used for symptomatic bradycardia, secretion reduction prior to surgery, organophosphate toxicity, to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia, and treatment of amblyopia.
    Consists of a racemic mixture of both d- and l-hyoscyamine

    Indicated for Sialorrhea, Pylorospasm & Other Spastic Conditions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

     

    Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drugs

    Narrow-angle glaucoma, synechia (adhesions) between iris and eye lens, myasthenia gravis, obstructive uropathy, paralytic ileus, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, acute hemorrhage with cardiovascular instability, thyrotoxicosis

    • Ataxia
    • Coma
    • Confusion
    • Delirium
    • Dizziness
    • Drowsiness
    • Hallucinations
    • Headache
    • Insomnia
    • Nervousness
    • Arrhythmia
    • Flushing
    • Hypotension
    • Palpitation
    • Tachycardia
    • Dyspnea
    • Laryngospasm
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Bloating
    • Constipation
    • Delayed gastric emptying
    • Loss of taste
    • Nausea
    • Paralytic ileus
    • Vomiting
    • Xerostomia
    • Nasal dryness
    • Fever
    • Anhidrosis
    • Urticaria
    • Rash

    Use caution in open-angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, BPH, CVD, autonomic neuropathy, HTN, partial obstructive uropathy, toxin-mediated diarrhea, hepatic/renal impairment, tachyarrhythmia, Down syndrome, brain damage in children, salivary secretion disorder, hiatal hernia, reflex esophagitis

    Restrict dose to 2-3 mg (0.03-0.04 mg/kg) in patients with ischemic heart disease, to avoid atropine-induced tachycardia, increased myocardial oxygen demand and potential for worsening cardiac ischemia or increasing infarction size

    Therapy may precipitate acute glaucoma

    Treatment may convert partial organic pyloric stenosis into complete obstruction

    May lead to complete urinary retention in patients with prostatic hypertrophy

    May cause thickening of bronchial secretions and formation of viscid plugs in patients with chronic lung disease

    Pregnancy

    Drug readily crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation; there are no adequate data on developmental risk associated with use of atropine in pregnant women; adequate animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with atropine

    Lactation

    Drug reported to be excreted in human milk; there are no data on effects of atropine on breastfed infant or effects on milk production; developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with mother’s clinical need for therapy and any potential adverse effects on breastfed infant from therapy or from underlying maternal condition

    The maximum dosage of atropine is variable depending on the indication for use, route of administration, and the individual patient response. In patients with known coronary artery disease, limit the total dose of parenteral atropine to 0.03 to 0.04 mg/kg.

    atropine sulfate

    tablet

    • 0.4mg

    ointment

    • 1%

    solution

    • 1%